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Defining Miscarriage
A miscarriage, also referred to as spontaneous abortion, is the loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation. It is a relatively common occurrence, with an estimated 10 to 20 percent of known pregnancies ending in miscarriage. The majority take place during the first trimester, with chromosomal abnormalities being the predominant cause. These abnormalities often involve missing or extra genetic material, which prevents normal embryonic development.
While a miscarriage can be a deeply emotional and unexpected event, recognising the medical causes and symptoms can offer a degree of understanding. Common signs include vaginal spotting, cramping, and the sudden cessation of pregnancy-related symptoms. However, it is important to note that spotting alone does not always indicate pregnancy loss. A consultation with a healthcare professional is necessary for accurate evaluation and care.
Primary Causes of Miscarriage
Miscarriages may occur due to a range of genetic, anatomical, medical, and environmental factors. The most prevalent causes include:
- Chromosomal Abnormalities: These account for approximately 50 percent of miscarriages in the first trimester. Errors during fertilisation or early cell division can result in embryos with non-viable genetic configurations.
- Hormonal Imbalances: Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can disrupt hormone levels and impair the uterine environment, making it difficult to sustain a pregnancy.
- Structural Issues of the Uterus: Anatomical irregularities like fibroids, a septate uterus, or intrauterine adhesions can obstruct implantation or embryonic development.
- Infections: Illnesses such as rubella, toxoplasmosis, and listeriosis can interfere with fetal growth and lead to complications.
- Chronic Medical Conditions: Poorly managed diseases like diabetes, autoimmune disorders such as lupus, and thyroid dysfunction can compromise fetal development.
- Lifestyle and Environmental Factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, substance abuse, and exposure to harmful toxins can significantly elevate the risk of miscarriage.
Preventive Measures to Support a Healthy Pregnancy
Although not all miscarriages can be prevented, especially those related to genetic anomalies, several strategies can help reduce other risks:
- Routine Medical Care: Regular check-ups enable early detection and management of any arising complications.
- Healthy Lifestyle: A balanced diet rich in folic acid, iron, and calcium, combined with the avoidance of alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drugs, supports maternal and fetal health.
- Chronic Disease Management: Those with existing medical conditions should receive appropriate preconception and prenatal care.
- Immunisations: Completing vaccinations, such as for rubella, prior to pregnancy can offer protection against harmful infections.
- Stress Reduction: Incorporating stress-relief practices such as counselling, yoga, or meditation may improve pregnancy outcomes.
- Infection Prevention: Maintaining good hygiene and avoiding high-risk food sources can lower the risk of contracting infections during pregnancy.
It is also critical to recognise symptoms that may require urgent medical attention, including severe abdominal pain, heavy bleeding or clotting, and high fever. Timely intervention can make a difference in outcomes.
Schedule an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals
Navigating pregnancy requires personalised support and expert medical care. Understanding the causes of miscarriage and addressing preventable factors can significantly enhance the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy. At Gleneagles Hospitals, our dedicated team of obstetricians and gynaecologists provide holistic care throughout your journey—from preconception counselling to postnatal support.
We are committed to ensuring your health and well-being at every stage. To schedule an appointment, please visit our official website or download the MyHealth360 mobile application from the Google Play Store or the Apple App Store. Our multidisciplinary approach ensures that you receive the guidance and care you need at every step.
