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What is a Miscarriage?
A miscarriage refers to the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. It most commonly occurs during the first trimester, sometimes before a woman is even aware that she is pregnant.
Types of Miscarriage
- Threatened miscarriage – bleeding may occur, but the cervix remains closed and the pregnancy may continue.
- Incomplete miscarriage – part of the pregnancy tissue passes, but medical intervention may be required to remove the remainder.
- Complete miscarriage – all pregnancy tissue is expelled, leaving the uterus empty.
Causes and Risk Factors
Miscarriages may occur due to factors beyond one’s control, but several medical and lifestyle-related risks are recognised.
Chromosomal abnormalities – irregularities in the embryo’s genetic material account for most first-trimester miscarriages.
Maternal health conditions – unmanaged diabetes, thyroid disorders, and autoimmune diseases increase risk.
Uterine or cervical abnormalities – conditions such as a septate uterus or cervical incompetence may lead to pregnancy loss.
Infections – including syphilis, parvovirus B19, Zika virus, and cytomegalovirus.
Lifestyle factors – smoking, alcohol consumption, recreational drug use, and excessive caffeine intake.
Maternal age – women over the age of 35 face higher risks due to reduced egg quality and hormonal changes.
Previous miscarriages – a history of miscarriage increases the likelihood of future pregnancy loss.
Reducing the Risk of Miscarriage
Although not all miscarriages can be prevented, the risk can be reduced through healthy lifestyle habits, proactive medical care, and proper management of underlying conditions.
Healthy Lifestyle Choices
- Stop smoking to improve oxygen supply to the uterus.
- Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs, which can harm foetal development.
- Maintain a healthy weight to reduce hormonal imbalances.
- Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
- Limit caffeine to below 200 mg per day.
Medical and Prenatal Care
- Attend regular prenatal check-ups to monitor progress and detect complications early.
- Follow medical advice, especially in managing existing health conditions.
- Take folic acid supplements daily to prevent neural tube defects and support early foetal development.
Preventing Infections
- Avoid raw or undercooked meat, unpasteurised dairy, and other high-risk foods.
- Practise good hygiene, including frequent handwashing.
- Stay up to date with vaccinations to protect maternal and foetal health.
Managing Underlying Conditions
- Control diabetes and high blood pressure through lifestyle changes and prescribed treatments.
- Treat thyroid disorders, as both overactive and underactive thyroids can affect pregnancy outcomes.
Emotional Wellbeing and Stress Management
- Incorporate stress-reducing practices such as meditation, yoga, or breathing exercises.
- Build a strong support system with family, friends, or community support groups.
Recovery and Support After Miscarriage
Experiencing a miscarriage can be both physically and emotionally challenging. Taking the right steps in recovery can help support future pregnancies.
Medical Follow-Up
Consulting a doctor is essential to ensure complete recovery and to address any complications.
Emotional Support
- Professional counselling can help manage grief and anxiety.
- Joining support groups can provide comfort through shared experiences.
Planning Future Pregnancies
- The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends waiting at least six months before attempting to conceive again. This allows the body and mind time to heal.
- Couples who experience recurrent miscarriages may benefit from fertility assessments and assisted reproductive options.
- Continuing healthy lifestyle practices even before conception strengthens the chances of a successful pregnancy.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a woman have a healthy pregnancy after a miscarriage?
Yes. Most women go on to have successful pregnancies with appropriate care.
Are most miscarriages caused by lifestyle factors?
No. While lifestyle plays a role, many miscarriages occur due to unavoidable chromosomal abnormalities.
Where can I seek support after a miscarriage in Malaysia?
Gleneagles Hospitals provides comprehensive women’s health services, including counselling, fertility support, and advanced medical care.
Book an appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals
At Gleneagles Hospitals, we recognise that miscarriage is not only a medical concern but also an emotional journey. With compassionate counselling, advanced diagnostic services, and expert fertility care, we are committed to supporting women and couples as they move forward with hope and resilience.
If you have experienced a miscarriage or wish to seek advice on maintaining a healthy pregnancy, you may book an appointment with our specialists today. You may also download our MyHealth360 application from the Google Play Store or the Apple App Store. Our team is here to guide you every step of the way.
