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How Diabetes Affects the Eyes
Diabetes can cause several complications that affect the eyes, leading to vision problems or even blindness. Persistently high blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye), resulting in a condition known as diabetic retinopathy. Other diabetes-related eye problems include cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic macular edema (DME), at Gleneagles Hospitals provides intensive care on treatments for various Diabetes screenings.
Diabetic Retinopathy
High blood sugar damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina, leading to leakage, swelling, or abnormal new blood vessel growth.
Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
This occurs when fluid builds up in the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision, causing blurred vision.
Cataracts
People with diabetes are more likely to develop cataracts at a younger age compared to non-diabetics.
Glaucoma
Diabetes doubles the risk of glaucoma, a condition where increased eye pressure damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss if untreated.
Preventive Measures and Treatments for Diabetic Eye Diseases
Taking proactive steps to manage diabetes and protect eye health is essential. Here are some strategies and treatment options:
Preventive Measures:
- Control Blood Sugar Levels: Maintain target blood glucose levels as recommended by your doctor to reduce the risk of diabetic retinopathy and other complications.
- Regular Eye Exams: Schedule a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least once a year to detect early signs of eye damage.
- Manage Blood Pressure and Cholesterol: Keeping these in check reduces the risk of damage to retinal blood vessels.
- Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking can improve overall health and reduce eye disease risks.
Treatment Options:
- Medications: Anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) injections help reduce swelling and prevent abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina.
- Laser Therapy: Laser treatments can seal leaking blood vessels or shrink abnormal ones to prevent further damage.
- Surgery: In advanced cases, vitrectomy (removal of the gel-like substance in the eye) may be necessary to restore vision.
- Blood Sugar Management: Work with a healthcare team to develop a personalised plan for managing diabetes effectively.
The Importance of Early Detection
Early detection is key to preventing severe vision loss. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), nearly one-third of people with diabetes experience some form of diabetic retinopathy, but timely treatment can reduce the risk of blindness by up to 95% (IDF, 2021). Comprehensive eye exams and regular follow-ups allow for early diagnosis and prompt intervention.
Diabetes-related eye complications can significantly impact your quality of life, but proactive management and timely medical care can protect your vision. Regular eye exams, combined with proper diabetes control, are critical for preventing or mitigating these risks.
Book an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals
Your eye health matters, and Gleneagles Hospitals is here to help. Our team of experienced ophthalmologists and state-of-the-art facilities provide comprehensive eye care tailored to your needs. Don't wait for symptoms to worsen. Book an appointment via our website today and take the first step towards safeguarding your vision. You may also book an appointment by downloading the MyHealth360 application from the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.
