Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) Services | Meet The Best Gynaecologistsin Penang

The uterus is a pear-shaped organ with thick muscular walls, located in the pelvis between the bladder and rectum.
It consists of three layers: 

• The outer peritoneal layer 
• The middle muscular layer
• The innermost lining, called the endometrium
  
  

Each month, the endometrium thickens in preparation for potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, it is shed during menstruation. 

The muscular walls of the uterus can stretch to accommodate a growing fetus during pregnancy. During labor, these muscles contract to help push the baby out through the cervix and vagina.

Common Uterine Conditions

• Uterine fibroids
• Uterine cancer
• Menstrual irregularities
• Endometrial polyps
• Adenomyosis
• Endometriosis
• Prolapsed uterus

These conditions can affect the female reproductive system and lead to symptoms that may require medical attention.

The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina, sometimes called the "neck of the uterus". The cervical is, an opening in the cervix, expands during childbirth to allow the baby to pass through the vaginal canal.

The cervix produces mucus that aids in the movement of sperm and changes in consistency during the menstrual cycle to support fertility.

The cervix is also where routine Pap smears are performed to detect abnormal cells that may indicate cancer. 

Conditions Related to the Cervix 

• Cervical cancer
• Cervical polyps
• Cervical infections
• Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

The vagina is a muscular tube that connects the external genitals (vulva) to the cervix. It is approximately 7cm to 9cm in length. The vaginal opening is located between the urethra and the anus. The vagina is often referred to as the birth canal as it provides the passage for childbirth.

Conditions Related to the Vagina 

• Bartholin cyst
• Vaginal infections
• Sexually transmitted infections (STI)
• Vaginal cancer
• Vaginismus
• Vaginal prolapse
• Vulvitis

The ovaries are a pair of oval-shaped organs located in the pelvis, on either side of the uterus.They produce, store, and release eggs (ovum) during ovulation. The ovaries also produce hormones like oestrogen and progesterone, which help regulate the menstrual cycle and maintain reproductive health.

Conditions Related to Ovaries

• Ovarian cysts
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
• Ovarian cancer
• Ovarian torsion

The fallopian tubes (uterine tubes) connect the ovaries to the uterus and are about 10cm long. They consist of three parts: infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus. The fimbriae at the infundibulum help sweep the egg into the tube, where fertilisation typically occurs in the ampulla.

The lining contains ciliated and secretory cells that help move the egg toward the uterus and nourish sperm and embryos.

Conditions Related to the Fallopian Tubes

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Hydrosalpinx
• Salpingitis

Our services include advanced procedures such as:

• Fenton's procedure
• Anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (repair)
• Vaginal hysterectomy
• Sacrospinous fixation for vault prolapses
• Tension-free vaginal tape
• obturator (TVT-o) for stress incontinence
• Colposuspension
• Cosmetic vaginal surgery including labial reduction
• Fistula repair

Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that reduces recovery time and scarring. It examines the abdomen and pelvis to identify conditions like endometriosis. During the procedure, a laparoscope, a small tube with a camera and light, is inserted through tiny incisions in the skin to provide a clear view of the internal organs.

We offer:

• Diagnostic laparoscopy
• Level 2 and 3 laparoscopy including removal of ovarian cysts, ectopic pregnancy, removal of ovarian masses, division of adhesions, treatment of endometriosis
• Laparoscopic myomectomy
• Laparoscopic hysterectomy
• Laparoscopic Excision of rectovaginal nodules for endometriosis

Colposcopy and vulvoscopy are medical procedures used to examine a woman’s cervix, vagina, and vulva. A colposcope is used during colposcopy to closely inspect the cervix for signs of pre-cancerous conditions, especially if a Pap test shows abnormal cell growth. Vulvoscopy is used to evaluate the vulva for abnormalities such as lesions or genital warts. These procedures help in early detection and diagnosis, supporting proactive women's health care.

The common types of colposcopy procedures:

• Basic Colposcopy: A visual examination of the cervix, vagina, and vulva using a colposcope to identify abnormalities.
• Colposcopy and biopsy: Involves taking a tissue sample during colposcopy to check for pre-cancerous or abnormal cells.
• Large loop excision of transformation zone (LLETZ / LEEP): A procedure used to remove abnormal tissue from the cervix under general anaesthetic to treat pre-cancerous changes.

A hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows doctors to look inside your womb (uterus) using a narrow telescope with a light and camera, known as a hysteroscope. This instrument is gently passed through the vagina and cervix, providing a clear view of the inside of the uterus, without the need for incisions.

Hysteroscopy is commonly used to investigate various gynaecological symptoms, including:

• Diagnostic hysteroscopy and currettage
• Endometrial ablation for heavy bleeding
• Hysteroscopic resection of the endometrium for heavy bleeding
• Hysteroscopic resection of fibroids
• Hysteroscopic resection/division of uterine septum