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Infectious Disease

Understanding Influenza and Its Health Implications

27 October 2025 · 4 mins read

Topics

Common Symptoms of Influenza
High-Risk Populations
Preventive Measures Against Influenza
Schedule an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals
Influenza is a contagious respiratory virus that can cause serious illness, especially in high-risk groups. Vaccination and hygiene are key to prevention.

Influenza, often referred to as the flu, is a contagious viral infection that predominantly targets the respiratory system. It differs from the common cold in severity, with the potential to cause serious complications, hospitalisation, or even death in vulnerable populations. 

Influenza viruses are classified into various types, with types A and B being the most prevalent during seasonal outbreaks. The virus is easily transmitted via airborne respiratory droplets when an infected individual talks, coughs, or sneezes.

Common Symptoms of Influenza

Influenza symptoms can vary in intensity, ranging from mild to severe. Typical symptoms include:

  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Sore throat
  • Muscle aches
  • Chills
  • Fatigue
  • Headaches

In most healthy individuals, recovery occurs within one to two weeks. However, those in high-risk categories may experience more severe health outcomes, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. Protecting these groups is essential to reducing the spread and impact of the virus.

High-Risk Populations

Certain groups are more susceptible to severe complications from influenza due to their unique health conditions or age-related vulnerabilities. Awareness of these risks can facilitate better preventive care.

Children Under Five Years Old

Young children, especially those below the age of two, are more likely to develop complications. Their underdeveloped immune systems and any existing health conditions, such as asthma or congenital heart disease, increase their risk.

Precautionary Measures:

  • Annual flu vaccinations
  • Regular hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette

Older Adults (Aged 65 and Above)

The ageing immune system reduces the body’s ability to fight infections. Seniors are at higher risk of complications like pneumonia, particularly when chronic conditions are present.

Precautionary Measures:

  • High-dose influenza vaccines
  • Monitoring and managing chronic health issues

Pregnant Women

Physiological changes during pregnancy, such as increased heart rate and reduced lung capacity, increase vulnerability to influenza. The flu can lead to complications such as premature birth or low birth weight.

Precautionary Measures:

  • Receiving the flu vaccine during pregnancy
  • Consistent prenatal care and consultation with healthcare professionals

Individuals with Chronic Illnesses

People suffering from conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, or heart disease are more prone to severe outcomes if infected.

Precautionary Measures:

  • Routine flu vaccinations
  • Proactive management of existing health conditions

Immunocompromised Individuals

Those undergoing chemotherapy, living with HIV/AIDS, or recovering from organ transplants have weakened immune responses, placing them at heightened risk for prolonged illness and secondary infections.

Precautionary Measures:

  • Flu vaccination as guided by medical professionals
  • Minimising exposure by avoiding crowded spaces during flu season

Preventive Measures Against Influenza

To curb the spread of influenza and protect oneself and others, several strategies should be adopted:

Annual Influenza Vaccination

Vaccination is the most effective defence against influenza. It is especially vital for those in high-risk groups.

Maintaining Good Hygiene

  • Frequent handwashing with soap and water
  • Covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
  • Avoiding close contact with individuals displaying flu symptoms

Staying Home When Unwell

Individuals experiencing flu-like symptoms should remain at home to limit transmission.

Adopting a Healthy Lifestyle

A strong immune system is supported by a nutritious diet, regular physical activity, and sufficient rest.

Schedule an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

If you are experiencing symptoms consistent with influenza or belong to a high-risk group, timely medical attention can make a significant difference. Book an appointment with our medical team at Gleneagles Hospitals for expert evaluation and a tailored treatment plan. For convenience, appointments may also be scheduled through our official website or by downloading the MyHealth360 application via the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store.

Stay proactive in safeguarding your health during flu season.

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